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Week 7

Dairy: Heifers

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Grouping, Feeding Management, and Rations

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Groups and Feeding

  • Number of groups depends on herd size and facilities
    • 4 – 5 groups suggested
  • Group 1 Postweaning
    • Starter/grower and hay
  • Groups 2 and 3 - grower and hay
    • Corn/grass silage or hay, concentrate based on needs
    • Pre - breeding groups
  • Group 4 - Breeding age groups
    • silage, hay, grain
  • Group 5 - Bred Heifers
    • Body condition and supplement
    • Poorest quality forage
  • More groups = better nutrition but more labor

Forages for Heifers

  • Allocate quality where it will be used the best
    • Highest quality for younger heifers
    • Older heifers receive poorest quality
      • Lowest nutritional priority
  • Formulate rations for heifers to adequately supplement forages used

Complete Rations for Heifers

  • Advantages of TMR’s for heifers
    • Minimize feed competition
    • Use by-product feeds
    • Feed waste
  • Concerns
    • Need mix wagon
    • Heifer groups large enough to justify use of mix wagon

Growth Charts

  • Need to routinely monitor growth
    • Need facilities to do this
    • Gains 1.0 - 2.0 lb/day (0 – 3 lb/day)
  • Most variation between growth rates attributed to environment rather than feeding program
  • Must adjust feeding according to growth

Examples

 

Texas - 500 lb heifer gaining 1.8 lb/day
Components of the Diet
Feed
lb (as-fed)
Cotton gin trash
1.6
Rolled corn
2.8
Distillers
1.0
Cotton sweepings
0.8
Alfalfa hay
2.2
Wheat midds
3.6
Cottonseed meal
0.8
Sorghum silage
2.8
Milk
4.0

Resultant Nutritional Value and Cost
13.8 lb. DMI
17.0% CP
1.67 Mcal/kg NEM
1.06 Mcal/kg NEG
36% NDF
$0.63/day

 

 

Colorado - 500 lb heifer gaining 1.5 lb/day
Components of the Diet
Feed
lb (as-fed)
Wheat straw
3.2
Wet brewers
6.4
Carrots
4.0
Beet pulp
4.0
Corn screenings
2.4
Alfalfa silage
8.0

Resultant Nutritional Value and Cost
13.2 lb. DMI
11.2% CP
1.40 Mcal/kg NEM
0.82 Mcal/kg NEG
46% NDF
$0.44/day

 

 

 

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GI Tracts and Nutrient Utilization
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High Energy Feedstuffs
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Spreadsheets
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Dairy: Calves
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Dairy: Heifers
o Introduction
o Nutrient Requirements
o Grouping, Management, Rations
Dairy: Lactating Cows
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o Dry Matter Intake
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Beef: Cow-Calf
o Introduction
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o Forages
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o Body Condition Score
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o Wrap-Up
o Replacement Heifers
Beef: Growing-Finishing
o Stocker-Feedlot
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o Feed Bunk Management
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Goats
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Sheep
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Dog and Cat Nutrition
o Labels
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o Needs, Photos, Calculations
o Feeding Levels, Overweight Pets
Assessment
o Online Evaluation
o Final Exam