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Week 6

Feed Processing

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Forage Processing

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  • Baling – tightly tied dried forage wafers
    • Increases density for handling, storage
  • Chopping – cutting forages into small pieces
    • Aids in mixing with other ingredients
    • Can improve intake and digestibility of lower quality forages
  • Pelleting – pushing chopped forages through holes to create pellets
    • Usually larger than grain pellets
    • Can incorporate other ingredients for a “complete” feed
  • Cubing – making 2” x 2” square pellets
    • Easier to handle than baled hay
    • Fairly expensive and slow, uncommon except for export products

    • Alfalfa cubes

  • Drying, dehydration
    • Reducing field losses of forages by artificial drying
    • Usually pelleted as part of process
  • Field kernel processing
    • Roller mill on corn silage harvester to crush kernels for better digestibility of starch in corn silage

 

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Department of Animal Sciences
OSU Extended Campus
Local 541-737-9204
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4943 The Valley Library
Corvallis, OR 97331-4504
Contact
o Staff
Syllabus
o Description, Mission, Goals
o Objectives
o Grading
o Schedule
o Important Information
Resources
o Library Services
o Writing Services
GI Tracts and Nutrient Utilization
o Introduction
o Classification
o Anatomy and Physiology
o Species Specifics
Nutrients
o Introduction
o Water
o Carbohydrates
o Proteins
o Lipids
o Minerals
o Vitamins
o Energy
o Functions and Requirements
Feedstuffs and Nutritional Value
o Introduction
o Estimating Nutritional Value
o Laboratory Based Analyses
o Animal Based Analyses
o Additional Considerations
Activities
o Discussion: Introduce Yourself
o Quiz
High Energy Feedstuffs
o Intro to High-Energy Feedstuffs
o Intro to Cereal Grains
o Corn
o Grain Sorghum
o Barley
o Oats
o Wheat
o Rye
o Triticale
o Rice and Millet
o Milling By-Products
o High Carb Liquid Feeds
o By-Product Dry Feeds
o Roots and Tubers
o Fats and Oils
o Additional High-Energy Feedstuffs
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Protein Sources
o Introduction
o Oilseed Meals
o Millfeed Protein Sources
o Distillery and Brewery By-Products
o Grain Legumes
o Mammalian and Poultry Products
o Milk-Based Products
o Marine-Based Products
o Additional Protein Sources
o Non-Protein Nitrogen Compounds
o Liquid Supplements
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Roughages
o Introduction
o Classes of Forage: Grasses
o Classes of Forage: Legumes
o Chemical Composition of Herbage
o Factors Influencing Nutritional Value
o Pasture Forages
o Cultivated Forages
o Hay
o High-Moisture Forages: Greenchop
o High-Moisture Forages: Silage
o High-Moisture Forages: Haylage
o Crop Residues
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Mineral and Vitamin Supplements
o Intro to Mineral Supplements
o Macrominerals
o Microminerals
o Intro to Vitamin Supplements
o Vitamins
Feed Additives & Labeling
o Intro to Feed Additives
o Manufacture, Properties of Feed
o Efficiency of Animal Production I
o Efficiency of Animal Production II
o Consumer Acceptance of Products
o Feed Laws & Labeling
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Feed Processing
o Introduction
o Grain Processing
o Forage Processing
o Effect on Nutrition
o Feed Processing, Non-Ruminants
o Feed Processing, Ruminants
o Economics of Processing
o Change in Feed Density
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Ration Formulation
o Introduction
o Dry-Matter and As-Fed
o Economics
o Pearson's Square/Double Pearson's Square Examples
Spreadsheets
o Section 1-5
Activities
o Discussion
o Problem Sets
Dairy: Calves
o Introduction
o Dry Cow, Calving Environment
o Colostrum Management
o Liquid Feeds, Additives, Program
o Dry Feeds, Cold Stress, Forage
o Weaning
o Costs, Summary
Dairy: Heifers
o Introduction
o Nutrient Requirements
o Grouping, Management, Rations
Dairy: Lactating Cows
o Energy/Carbohydrates
o Protein
o Fats and Oils
o Minerals and Vitamins
o Dry Matter Intake
o Stages of Lactation
o Milk Components
o Balancing Rations
Activities
o Problem Sets
Beef: Cow-Calf
o Introduction
o Biological Cycle, Requirements
o Forages
o Supplementation
o Body Condition Score
o Management Strategies
o Wrap-Up
o Replacement Heifers
Beef: Growing-Finishing
o Stocker-Feedlot
o Growing Systems
o Newly Received Cattle
o Starting Cattle, Set-Up Rations
o Feed Bunk Management
o Feedstuffs
o Additional Items
Activities
o Problem Sets
Equine
o Introduction
o Digestive System
o Nutrients
o Ingredients
o Summary
o Western Performance Horse
o Workload
o Body Condition
o Calories, Critical Points
o Additional Information
Activities
o Problem Sets
Goats
o Introduction
o Feeding Behavior, Selection
o Requirements, Nutrients
o Feeding Management, Intake
Sheep
o Introduction
o Water
o Biological Cycle
o Dry Matter Intake
o Energy
o Protein
o Lactation
o Minerals, Vitamins
o Wool
o Ewes, Growing Lambs
o Additional Information
Activities
o Problem Sets
Poultry
o Introduction
o Factors Affecting Requirements
o General Comments
o Nutrients
o Special Concerns
o Layers
o Broilers
o Turkeys, Other Feed Components
Activities
o Problem Sets
Swine
o Introduction
o Energy
o Protein
o Minerals, Vitamins
o Additives
o Requirements and Processing
o Nutrient Management
o Product Quality
o Gestation, Lactating, Weanlings
Activities
o Problem Sets
Dog and Cat Nutrition
o Labels
o Ingredients
o Energy, Energy Requirements
o Needs, Photos, Calculations
o Feeding Levels, Overweight Pets
Assessment
o Online Evaluation
o Final Exam