Week 10

Poultry

Six Fundamental Nutrients

Text Transcript

Follow along with the audio...

Can You Name the Fundamental Nutrients???

• Essential nutrients are:
  1. Water
  2. Carbohydrates (CHO)
  3. Fats (lipids)
  4. Proteins
  5. Vitamins
  6. Minerals

A Word on Energy

• Birds Eat to Meet Their Energy Needs
• Energy is stored in CHO, Fats, Proteins
• Metabolizable Energy (ME) - standard measure of energy in chickens

CHO- `Bulk’ of Diet

• Typical Sources of Carbohydrates
• Cereal Grain
  • Corn, Oats, Wheat, Rice, Barley
  • Provides Energy, Bulk, Satiety,
  • Milling products
  • Corn Gluten Meal, Oatmeal, Wheat Middling, Rice Hulls
• Corn
  • Most used in US
  • Very digestible, palatable, costly

Fats and Oils

• High Energy (9 kcal/g)
• Essential Fatty Acids/Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Sources
  • Tallow, Lard
  • Animal-Vegetable Blend/restaurant grease
  • Vegetable Oils/Full fat oil seeds

Proteins

• Plant Proteins
  • Soybean, Canola, Peas, Beans
  • Backbone of Commercial Diet
  • Good Quality Protein
  • Grains (10-15% CP)
• Animal Proteins:
  • Fish, Meat, Meat and Bone Meal
  • Animal Byproducts: Dried egg products
• Proteins MOST Expensive Component of Ration

Protein Supplements

• Oil Seed Meals
  • Soybean Meal (SBM)-standard
  • 45-48% CP
  • Good for non ruminants
  • Balanced Amino Acid Profile
  • Best of Plant Proteins
• Canola Meal
• Cotton Seed Meal-Gown in hot areas (41%CP)
• Gossypol- Antinutritional factor-toxic
• Green or Mottled Eggs
• Peanut -Southern US, 41-50% CP
• Sunflower Meal - 44% CP
• Safflower Maal18-22% CP

Animal Protein Supplements

• High protein, excellent amino acids
• High in fat
• Potential for peroxidation
• Other Concerns

Other

• Vitamins and Minerals
  • Fat soluble (ADEK)
  • Water soluble (B vitamins, C)
  • Macro/Micro Minerals
  • Usually Added as Vitamin-Mineral Premix
    • Ca, P
    • Limestone, oyster shells, calcium phosphate
    • Formulated for type of production, species (layers, broiler breeders)