Week 3

Protein Sources

Protein Supplements of Animal Origin – Mammalian and Poultry Products

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• High protein feedstuffs of animal origin
• Classes
• Mammalian-based products
• Poultry-based products
• Milk-based products
• Marine-based products
• Nutritional value
• Excellent sources of protein
• Compared to plant-based products
• Amino acid profiles better match requirement
• Potential issues
  • Quality
    • Varies by source and processing
  • Higher cost
• Regulation
  • Species of origin must be stated on label
  • Feeding of animal-based proteins
    • http://www.aafco.org/BSE_aafco_brochure.pdf
  • Additional, more recent regulations
    • USDA News Release
• Mammalian-based products
• Origin
• Processing and rendering operations
• Meat meal, meat and bone meal, meat meal tankage, and meat and bone meal tankage
• Figure 7.1 -  Meat and bone meal



• Origin
• Specifically, carcass trimmings, condemned carcasses, condemned livers, inedible offal, and bones
• Classifications
• Meat meal/tankage and meat and bone meal/tankage
• Greater than 4.4% P meat and bone meal/tankage
• Meals and tankages
• Dried blood is added to tankage
• Nutritional value
• Maximum amount of feed indigestible by pepsin at 14%
• Maximum amount of CP indigestible by pepsin at 11%
• CP 45-60% (AF basis)
• Protein qualities good to excellent
• Energy source
• Minerals
• Ca 6-10%
• P 3-5%
• Vitamins
• Riboflavin
• Niacin
• Vitamin B12
• Unpalatable
• Antinutritional factors
• Ca – P imbalance
• Inadequate processing – contamination
  • Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE)
    • BSE: http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/bse.html
• Blood meal
• Dried, ground blood
• Figure 7.2 -  Blood meal



• Nutritional value
• Flash drying - most consistent product
• 80-85% CP (AF basis)
• Excellent amino acid profile
• High in amino acids including lysine
• Low in isoleucine
• Low fiber
• Low in minerals
• Except iron
• Additional products: animal by-product meal, digest, liver meal, blood protein, fleshings hydrolysate and condensed fleshings hydrolysate, glandular meal and extracted glandular meal, hydrolyzed hair, hydrolyzed leather meal, and dried meat solubles
• Poultry-based products
• Origin
• All areas of poultry industry
• Hydrolyzed poultry feathers or feather meal
• Figure 7.3 – Feather meal



• Nutritional value
• 85-90% CP (AF basis)
• CP at least 75% digestible by pepsin
• Low in methionine, lysine, histidine, and tryptophan
• Feeding
• Monogastrics
• Fed with complementary protein feeds
• Limit to 5% of ration
• Poultry by-product meal
• Nutritional value
• App. 60% CP (AF basis)
• Maximum ash 16%
• Maximum acid-insoluble ash 4%
• Used in combination with other proteins
• Dried poultry waste and poultry litter
• Poultry waste
• 25-35% CP (AF basis)
• Two-thirds NPN compounds
• Limited fiber
• 25-30% ash
• Poultry litter
• Lower CP
• Higher CF
• Additional products: poultry hatchery by-product, hydrolyzed by-products aggregate, eggshell meal, and by-products