Week 3

Protein Sources

Additional Protein Sources

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• Animal waste
• Mixture of animal excrements, with or without bedding
• AFCO terms
• Dried poultry waste, dried poultry litter, dried ruminant waste, dried swine waste, undried processed animal waste product, and processed animal waste derivative
• Defined by origin, processing and nutritional value
• Regulated
• Nutritional value
• Nitrogen
• Protein and nonprotein nitrogen
• High crude fiber and ash
• Low energy
• Vitamins
• Highest in poultry wastes
• Varies by species of origin, diet of animal of origin, amount of bedding, and processing method
• Processing
• Include: dehydrating, ensiling, and others
• Concerns
• Contamination
• Excessive amounts of minerals
• Feeding
• Adequately processed, part of balanced ration, fed to range of species
• Ruminants
• Plant extracts – Leaf protein concentrates (LPC)
• Origin
• Green, leafy plants, especially legumes
• Nutritional value
• High protein quantity and quality
• High fiber
• Plants processed to make proteins available for all species
• Separated protein fraction referred to as leaf protein concentrates (LPC)
• Nutritional value
• Dried LPC – 40-70% CP
• Feeding
• Wet or dried
• Use
• Prohibited by cost
• Single-cell proteins (SCP)
• Origin
• Proteins of algae, yeast, bacteria, and fungi
• Nutritional value
• Good source of protein and other components
• Varies depending on organism selected, quality of organism, growth conditions, and harvesting and processing methods
• Algae
• Fed either wet or dried
• Common form: dried, ground algae
• Nutritional value
• Varies
• High in protein
• Low in fiber and energy
• Fed to range of species in limited amounts
• Yeast
• Dried, live, and irradiated
• Nutritional value
• High CP
• Good source of B-complex vitamins and irradiated source of D
• Bacterial
• Nutritional value
• High CP
• Limitations of use
• Cost
• Palatability
• Digestibility
• Protein quality
• Presence of toxic compounds