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Week 7

Dairy: Calves

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Pre-Weaned Calf: Dry Feeds, Cold Stress, and Forage

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Dry Feed Management

  • High quality to encourage early weaning
  • Why early weaning
    • Cheaper
    • Less labor
  • Characteristics of high quality
    • Ingredients
    • Minimum dustiness
    • Taste good

Gain of Calves Fed Milk Only

Calf Starters

Calf Starters - Recommended Nutrient Content
Nutrient
DM basis
Crude Protein
18%
Fiber
12%
TDN
82%
Ca
0.7%
P
0.4%
Vit A
2000 IU/lb
Vit D
300 IU/lb

Calf Starter Ingredients

  • Coarse, bulky, minimum of dust, roughage
  • Crimped oats, rolled barley, rolled corn
  • Molasses - 5 - 10%
  • Antibiotics/Coccidiostats
  • Feeding
    • Provide fresh by week one
    • Keep fresh and ad-lib
    • Fresh water

Starter Intake

Extra Milk Required with Cold Stress

Extra Milk Needed with Cold Stress
Temp
Birth to 3 wk
>3 wk
°F
°C
NEM
Milk, lb
NEM
Milk, lb
68
20
0
0
59
15
13
0.70
50
10
27
1.41
41
5
40
2.11
13
0.85
32
0
54
2.82
27
1.70
23
-5
67
3.52
40
2.54
14
-10
81
4.23
54
3.39

Forage

  • Hay for pre-weaned calves
    • Necessary for rumen development?
    • Waste most of it?
    • Hampers rumen development
      • Rumen wall uses butyric acid for energy source
      • Little butyric acid production on hay diets, need grain (starch) diet

 

 

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Department of Animal Sciences
OSU Extended Campus
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4943 The Valley Library
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Contact
o Staff
Syllabus
o Description, Mission, Goals
o Objectives
o Grading
o Schedule
o Important Information
Resources
o Library Services
o Writing Services
GI Tracts and Nutrient Utilization
o Introduction
o Classification
o Anatomy and Physiology
o Species Specifics
Nutrients
o Introduction
o Water
o Carbohydrates
o Proteins
o Lipids
o Minerals
o Vitamins
o Energy
o Functions and Requirements
Feedstuffs and Nutritional Value
o Introduction
o Estimating Nutritional Value
o Laboratory Based Analyses
o Animal Based Analyses
o Additional Considerations
Activities
o Discussion: Introduce Yourself
o Quiz
High Energy Feedstuffs
o Intro to High-Energy Feedstuffs
o Intro to Cereal Grains
o Corn
o Grain Sorghum
o Barley
o Oats
o Wheat
o Rye
o Triticale
o Rice and Millet
o Milling By-Products
o High Carb Liquid Feeds
o By-Product Dry Feeds
o Roots and Tubers
o Fats and Oils
o Additional High-Energy Feedstuffs
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Protein Sources
o Introduction
o Oilseed Meals
o Millfeed Protein Sources
o Distillery and Brewery By-Products
o Grain Legumes
o Mammalian and Poultry Products
o Milk-Based Products
o Marine-Based Products
o Additional Protein Sources
o Non-Protein Nitrogen Compounds
o Liquid Supplements
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Roughages
o Introduction
o Classes of Forage: Grasses
o Classes of Forage: Legumes
o Chemical Composition of Herbage
o Factors Influencing Nutritional Value
o Pasture Forages
o Cultivated Forages
o Hay
o High-Moisture Forages: Greenchop
o High-Moisture Forages: Silage
o High-Moisture Forages: Haylage
o Crop Residues
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Mineral and Vitamin Supplements
o Intro to Mineral Supplements
o Macrominerals
o Microminerals
o Intro to Vitamin Supplements
o Vitamins
Feed Additives & Labeling
o Intro to Feed Additives
o Manufacture, Properties of Feed
o Efficiency of Animal Production I
o Efficiency of Animal Production II
o Consumer Acceptance of Products
o Feed Laws & Labeling
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Feed Processing
o Introduction
o Grain Processing
o Forage Processing
o Effect on Nutrition
o Feed Processing, Non-Ruminants
o Feed Processing, Ruminants
o Economics of Processing
o Change in Feed Density
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Ration Formulation
o Introduction
o Dry-Matter and As-Fed
o Economics
o Pearson's Square/Double Pearson's Square Examples
Spreadsheets
o Section 1-5
Activities
o Discussion
o Problem Sets
Dairy: Calves
o Introduction
o Dry Cow, Calving Environment
o Colostrum Management
o Liquid Feeds, Additives, Program
o Dry Feeds, Cold Stress, Forage
o Weaning
o Costs, Summary
Dairy: Heifers
o Introduction
o Nutrient Requirements
o Grouping, Management, Rations
Dairy: Lactating Cows
o Energy/Carbohydrates
o Protein
o Fats and Oils
o Minerals and Vitamins
o Dry Matter Intake
o Stages of Lactation
o Milk Components
o Balancing Rations
Activities
o Problem Sets
Beef: Cow-Calf
o Introduction
o Biological Cycle, Requirements
o Forages
o Supplementation
o Body Condition Score
o Management Strategies
o Wrap-Up
o Replacement Heifers
Beef: Growing-Finishing
o Stocker-Feedlot
o Growing Systems
o Newly Received Cattle
o Starting Cattle, Set-Up Rations
o Feed Bunk Management
o Feedstuffs
o Additional Items
Activities
o Problem Sets
Equine
o Introduction
o Digestive System
o Nutrients
o Ingredients
o Summary
o Western Performance Horse
o Workload
o Body Condition
o Calories, Critical Points
o Additional Information
Activities
o Problem Sets
Goats
o Introduction
o Feeding Behavior, Selection
o Requirements, Nutrients
o Feeding Management, Intake
Sheep
o Introduction
o Water
o Biological Cycle
o Dry Matter Intake
o Energy
o Protein
o Lactation
o Minerals, Vitamins
o Wool
o Ewes, Growing Lambs
o Additional Information
Activities
o Problem Sets
Poultry
o Introduction
o Factors Affecting Requirements
o General Comments
o Nutrients
o Special Concerns
o Layers
o Broilers
o Turkeys, Other Feed Components
Activities
o Problem Sets
Swine
o Introduction
o Energy
o Protein
o Minerals, Vitamins
o Additives
o Requirements and Processing
o Nutrient Management
o Product Quality
o Gestation, Lactating, Weanlings
Activities
o Problem Sets
Dog and Cat Nutrition
o Labels
o Ingredients
o Energy, Energy Requirements
o Needs, Photos, Calculations
o Feeding Levels, Overweight Pets
Assessment
o Online Evaluation
o Final Exam