Week 10

Swine

Energy

Text Transcript

Time: 13.47

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• Energy technically is not a nutrient
• Full-fed pigs generally eat to meet their energy requirements
• Two major components of energy requirements:
  • Maintenance (influenced by body weight)
  • Production (influenced by genetic potential for lean growth)

Maintenance ME

• Maintenance energy requirement for all animals is related to surface area
  • Body weight raised to 3/4 power is most common (106 kcal ME/kg BW^0.75)
• Take home message: energy requirement increases with BW (fixed cost)....
  • So as pig approaches market weight, energy used for maintenance increases

Production ME (Tissue Accretion)

• Protein
  • Deposition of 1 lb muscle (.2 lb protein + .8 lb water) costs .95 Mcal of energy
• Fat
  • Deposition of 1 lb fat (.83 lb lipid + .17 lb water) costs 4.84 Mcal of energy
• Fat accretion is roughly 5X the energy cost of lean tissue gain!!!!!

Energy Sources

• Major source of dietary energy for growing pig is starch (carbohydrate)
• Corn - accounts for over 85% of the grain fed to swine
• Corn is the standard
• Highly digestible starch, palatable, low in fiber, fed in variety of ways
• Negatives - low in CP, deficient in Lys and Trp
• Wheat - Higher protein & Lys, Cost $$
• Sorghum - 2nd most common, lower protein and Lys
• Barley - lower ME, beta-glucans
• Rye - lower ME, pectins, palatability
• Wheat Midds - fiber, pelleting
• Oats - fiber, good for starter diets
• Fat - max 6%, aids pelleting, dustiness

Energy Feeds for Swine

Performance

Temperature and Energy Requirements

• Requirements greater at lower temperatures
• Relationship to feedstuffs:
  • Dietary fat releases less heat during digestion and absorption and thus reduces heat stress on pig during high temp.
  • Dietary fiber release more heat when digested and thus provides more heat for body during low temp.