jump over navigation bar
OSU Extended CampusOregon State University
official course number and title
Welcome Getting Started Resources Site Map
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Week 10

Swine

 link to previous page in the series link to next page in the series

Instructions for listening to audio clips

Download the QuickTime Player to listen to the audio files.
Read the QuickTime Instructions for installation help.
Download the RealPlayer to listen to the audio files
Instructions are on the RealPlayer download page

Minerals and Vitamins

Text Transcript

Follow along with the audio...

Minerals

  • Most minerals are present in various feed grains but some are present at concentrations lower than requirements
  • Minerals most likely to be deficient in grain- SBM diets:
    • Macrominerals: Ca, P, Na, Cl
    • Microminerals: Fe, Zn, I, and Se
  • Ca and P required in greatest amounts
    • Needed for strong skeletal structure
    • Deficiency leads to lameness or bone fractures
  • Ca and P must be maintained in a proper balance in diet
    • Ca:P ration = 1:1 to 1.25:1
    • 60 to 80% of P in grains is in form of Phytate P
      • Phytate P is unavailable to pigs
P Availability of Feeds
% P Available
Corn
12 to 14
Oats & Barley
20 to 30
Wheat
46 to 53
Peanut & CS Meal
1 to 12
SBM
23 to 31
Animal Protein
66 to 96
  • Salt - 0.25 to 0.50% of diet
  • K, Mg, S usually OK
  • Zn - parakeratosis
  • Fe - anemia (baby pigs)
  • I - usually get from iodized salt
  • Se - FDA supplementation 0.3 PPM max
  • Cr - improves lean muscle gain

Mineral Sources

  • Ca & P
    • Mono- and dicalcium phosphate
    • Defluorinated rock phosphate
    • Steamed bone meal
  • Ca
    • Limestone (Ca carbonate)
  • Iodized Salt
  • Trace mineral are provided by premixes
Commonly Used Forms of Minerals in Swine Diets
Mineral
Form
Bioavailabilty
Nutrient Content
Calcium
bone meal
excellent
24
carbonate
excellent
38
mono- or dicalcium phosphate
excellent
18-21
dolomitic limestone
good
22
Copper
sulfate
excellent
25
oxide
poor
79
lysine
excellent
10
Iron
ferric oxide
unacceptable
-
ferrous carbonate
poor
32
ferrous sulfate
excellent
32
iron methionine
excellent
14.5
Magnesium
sulfate
excellent
10
oxide
good
54
carbonate
excellent
30
Manganese
sulfate
excellent
25
methionine
excellent
16
Phosphorus
bone meal
excellent
12
dicalcium phosphate
excellent
18.5
monocalcium phosphate
excellent
21
soft rock phosphate
poor
17
defluorinate rock phosphate
excellent
20
Selenium
sodium selenite
excellent
45.6
sodium selenate
excellent
41.8
Zinc
lysine
excellent
10
methionine
excellent
18
oxide
medium
72
sulfate
excellent
36
carbonate
excellent
78

Vitamins

  • Feed components and intestinal microbial synthesis provide some of the B vitamins needed by the pig
  • Vitamins most likely to be deficient in grain-SBM diets:
    • A, D, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, and B12
  • Synthetic vitamins are relatively cheap and are generally added at levels 2-3 times requirements
    • Cheap insurance!
  • Vitamins are supplemented by adding commercial premixes
    • Premixes have shelf-lives:
      • Store in cool, dry location
      • Only store for short periods of time (vitamin premix=3 months)
      • Combination vitamin-mineral premixes tend to have greater storage losses of vitamin activity that vitamin and mineral premixes that are stored separately

 

 link to previous page in the series link to next page in the series
Welcome Getting Started Resources SiteMap
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

OSU - Oregon State University

ecampus@oregonstate.edu 800-667-1465
Admissions & Registration 541-737-2527
Copyright © 2004, Oregon State University | Disclaimer
Services for Students with Disabilities

  

Department of Animal Sciences
OSU Extended Campus
Local 541-737-9204
Fax 541-737-2734
4943 The Valley Library
Corvallis, OR 97331-4504
Contact
o Staff
Syllabus
o Description, Mission, Goals
o Objectives
o Grading
o Schedule
o Important Information
Resources
o Library Services
o Writing Services
GI Tracts and Nutrient Utilization
o Introduction
o Classification
o Anatomy and Physiology
o Species Specifics
Nutrients
o Introduction
o Water
o Carbohydrates
o Proteins
o Lipids
o Minerals
o Vitamins
o Energy
o Functions and Requirements
Feedstuffs and Nutritional Value
o Introduction
o Estimating Nutritional Value
o Laboratory Based Analyses
o Animal Based Analyses
o Additional Considerations
Activities
o Discussion: Introduce Yourself
o Quiz
High Energy Feedstuffs
o Intro to High-Energy Feedstuffs
o Intro to Cereal Grains
o Corn
o Grain Sorghum
o Barley
o Oats
o Wheat
o Rye
o Triticale
o Rice and Millet
o Milling By-Products
o High Carb Liquid Feeds
o By-Product Dry Feeds
o Roots and Tubers
o Fats and Oils
o Additional High-Energy Feedstuffs
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Protein Sources
o Introduction
o Oilseed Meals
o Millfeed Protein Sources
o Distillery and Brewery By-Products
o Grain Legumes
o Mammalian and Poultry Products
o Milk-Based Products
o Marine-Based Products
o Additional Protein Sources
o Non-Protein Nitrogen Compounds
o Liquid Supplements
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Roughages
o Introduction
o Classes of Forage: Grasses
o Classes of Forage: Legumes
o Chemical Composition of Herbage
o Factors Influencing Nutritional Value
o Pasture Forages
o Cultivated Forages
o Hay
o High-Moisture Forages: Greenchop
o High-Moisture Forages: Silage
o High-Moisture Forages: Haylage
o Crop Residues
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Mineral and Vitamin Supplements
o Intro to Mineral Supplements
o Macrominerals
o Microminerals
o Intro to Vitamin Supplements
o Vitamins
Feed Additives & Labeling
o Intro to Feed Additives
o Manufacture, Properties of Feed
o Efficiency of Animal Production I
o Efficiency of Animal Production II
o Consumer Acceptance of Products
o Feed Laws & Labeling
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Feed Processing
o Introduction
o Grain Processing
o Forage Processing
o Effect on Nutrition
o Feed Processing, Non-Ruminants
o Feed Processing, Ruminants
o Economics of Processing
o Change in Feed Density
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Ration Formulation
o Introduction
o Dry-Matter and As-Fed
o Economics
o Pearson's Square/Double Pearson's Square Examples
Spreadsheets
o Section 1-5
Activities
o Discussion
o Problem Sets
Dairy: Calves
o Introduction
o Dry Cow, Calving Environment
o Colostrum Management
o Liquid Feeds, Additives, Program
o Dry Feeds, Cold Stress, Forage
o Weaning
o Costs, Summary
Dairy: Heifers
o Introduction
o Nutrient Requirements
o Grouping, Management, Rations
Dairy: Lactating Cows
o Energy/Carbohydrates
o Protein
o Fats and Oils
o Minerals and Vitamins
o Dry Matter Intake
o Stages of Lactation
o Milk Components
o Balancing Rations
Activities
o Problem Sets
Beef: Cow-Calf
o Introduction
o Biological Cycle, Requirements
o Forages
o Supplementation
o Body Condition Score
o Management Strategies
o Wrap-Up
o Replacement Heifers
Beef: Growing-Finishing
o Stocker-Feedlot
o Growing Systems
o Newly Received Cattle
o Starting Cattle, Set-Up Rations
o Feed Bunk Management
o Feedstuffs
o Additional Items
Activities
o Problem Sets
Equine
o Introduction
o Digestive System
o Nutrients
o Ingredients
o Summary
o Western Performance Horse
o Workload
o Body Condition
o Calories, Critical Points
o Additional Information
Activities
o Problem Sets
Goats
o Introduction
o Feeding Behavior, Selection
o Requirements, Nutrients
o Feeding Management, Intake
Sheep
o Introduction
o Water
o Biological Cycle
o Dry Matter Intake
o Energy
o Protein
o Lactation
o Minerals, Vitamins
o Wool
o Ewes, Growing Lambs
o Additional Information
Activities
o Problem Sets
Poultry
o Introduction
o Factors Affecting Requirements
o General Comments
o Nutrients
o Special Concerns
o Layers
o Broilers
o Turkeys, Other Feed Components
Activities
o Problem Sets
Swine
o Introduction
o Energy
o Protein
o Minerals, Vitamins
o Additives
o Requirements and Processing
o Nutrient Management
o Product Quality
o Gestation, Lactating, Weanlings
Activities
o Problem Sets
Dog and Cat Nutrition
o Labels
o Ingredients
o Energy, Energy Requirements
o Needs, Photos, Calculations
o Feeding Levels, Overweight Pets
Assessment
o Online Evaluation
o Final Exam