Week 10

Swine

Minerals and Vitamins

Text Transcript

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Minerals

• Most minerals are present in various feed grains but some are present at concentrations lower than requirements
• Minerals most likely to be deficient in grain- SBM diets:
• Macrominerals: Ca, P, Na, Cl
• Microminerals: Fe, Zn, I, and Se
• Ca and P required in greatest amounts
  • Needed for strong skeletal structure
  • Deficiency leads to lameness or bone fractures
• Ca and P must be maintained in a proper balance in diet
  • Ca:P ration = 1:1 to 1.25:1
  • 60 to 80% of P in grains is in form of Phytate P
    • Phytate P is unavailable to pigs

• Salt - 0.25 to 0.50% of diet
• K, Mg, S usually OK
• Zn - parakeratosis
• Fe - anemia (baby pigs)
• I - usually get from iodized salt
• Se - FDA supplementation 0.3 PPM max
• Cr - improves lean muscle gain

Mineral Sources

• Ca & P
  • Mono- and dicalcium phosphate
  • Defluorinated rock phosphate
  • Steamed bone meal
• Ca
  • Limestone (Ca carbonate)
• Iodized Salt
• Trace mineral are provided by premixes

Vitamins

• Feed components and intestinal microbial synthesis provide some of the B vitamins needed by the pig
• Vitamins most likely to be deficient in grain-SBM diets:
• A, D, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, and B₁₂
• Synthetic vitamins are relatively cheap and are generally added at levels 2-3 times requirements
  • Cheap insurance!
• Vitamins are supplemented by adding commercial premixes
  • Premixes have shelf-lives:
    • Store in cool, dry location
    • Only store for short periods of time (vitamin premix=3 months)
    • Combination vitamin-mineral premixes tend to have greater storage losses of vitamin activity that vitamin and mineral premixes that are stored separately