Week 2
High-Energy Feedstuffs |
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Introduction to Cereal Grains
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Text Transcript
Time: 5.35
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- Primary source of energy in livestock rations
- Seeds of plants of grass family
- Major cereal grains: corn, sorghum or milo, barley, oats, wheat, triticale,
and rye
- Table 4.1 – Major cereal grains produced in U.S.
Table 4.1 - U.S. Cereal Grain Production*
Grain |
Crop Year - 2001 |
Corn |
241,485 |
Sorghum |
13,070 |
Barley |
5,434 |
Oats |
1,696 |
In
1,000 metric tons - One metric ton equals 2,204.6 pounds
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*Estimated |
- Traded based on weight
- Bushel weight
- Density measure
- Positive association with value
- Increase in density, increase in energy value
- Ton
- Valued based on grades
- Bushel weight
- Quality measures
- Grading standards
- Nutritional value
- Relatively similar
- Table 5.4 on page 61 of text – Average nutrient composition of major
cereal grains
- Relatively constant
- Figure 4.1 – General structure of grain and primary nutrients associated
with each component
- High digestibility
- Vary by species and quality
- High in nonstructural carbohydrates
- Primary carbohydrate – starch
- Vary by type of molecule, chain length, and extent of branching
- Low in nonstructural carbohydrates
- Cellulose – present in cell wall and hulls
- Lignin – present in hull
- Crude protein content – 8 – 14%
- Generally, wheat is greater
- Protein quality
- Proteins, solubility, and amino acid content varies
- General – low in lysine, tryptophan, threonine, and methionine
- Lipid content
- Less than 1% to greater than 6%
- Predominant fatty acids – palmitic, linoleic, and oleic
- Mineral content
- Low in Ca
- High in P
- Bound P, low availability for monogastrics
- Low in microminerals
- Vitamin content
- Fair source of vitamin E
- Low in vitamins A and D
- Exception: corn high in A precursor
- Low in most of B complex vitamins
- Relative nutritional value between cereal grains
- Energy value
- Table 5.13 in text – Relative ME value of each of grains for
ruminants, poultry, and swine
- Corn is standard; set at 100
- Majority of others lower than corn
- Crude protein
- Table 5.13 in text – Relative crude protein value of each of
grains
- Corn is standard; set at 100
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