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Week 2

High-Energy Feedstuffs

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Grain Sorghum

Text Transcript

Time: 2.57

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  • Second most important cereal grain
    • U.S. estimated production – 514 million bushels
  • Grain sorghums and nongrain sorghums
    • In U.S., milo is most popular grain sorghum
  • Figure 4.8 – Field of sorghum
  • Figure 4.8 - Field of sorghum

  • Hardier plant than other grains
  • Estimated average yield 59.9 bu/acre
  • Seeds
    • Grow on plant head
      • Figure 4.9 – Sorghum seeds on head of plant
      • Figure 4.9 - Sorghum seeds on head of plant

      • Susceptible
    • Small and hard
      • Figure 4.10 – Sorghum seed
      • Figure 4.10 - Sorghum seed

      • Range of colors
    • Requires processing
  • Nutritional value
    • Table 4.3 – Average nutrient composition of sorghum grain
    • Energy source – compared to corn
      • Lower starch content
      • More variable starch content
      Table 4.3 - Average Nutrient Composition of Sorghum Grain
      Nutrient
      Average Composition, %
      Crude protein
      12.4
      Ether extract
      3.2
      Crude fiber
      2.7
      Ash
      2.1
      NFE
      79.6
      Starch
      70.8
    • Protein source – compared to corn
    • Similar content
    • More variable content
  • Protein
    • Primary protein – kafirin
      • Prolamine
    • Primarily low in lysine, threonine, and methionine
  • Mineral and vitamin content similar to other grains
  • Sorghum varieties
    • Normal or nonwaxy
    • Waxy
      • Compared to nonwaxy, improved feeding value
    • Heteroyellow
      • Compared to nonyellow, improved feeding value
    • Bird-resistant
      • High in tannins
      • Brown
        • Lower digestibility and animal performance
        • In general, higher tannin than lighter
  • Tannins
    • Deleterious factor
    • Polyphenolic compounds
    • Astringent – reduce palatability
    • Complex with proteins – reduce protein availability
    • React with enzymes – reduce digestibility of other nutrients
    • Selection – balance between predation and nutritional value
    • Processing to improve value

     

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