Week 2

High-Energy Feedstuffs

Milling By-Products of Cereal Grains

Text Transcript

Time: 11.55

Follow along with the audio...

• Uses of cereal grains
• Animal feedstuffs
• Human foodstuffs and industrial products
• Milling
• Dry milling
• Removes outer fibrous material
• Products such as flour
• Wet milling
• Products such as sugar, starch, syrup, and oil
• By-products used as animal feeds
• Nutritional value of milling by-products
• Varies
• Standards
• Association of American Feed Control Officials
• Appendix Table I – page 502 of text
• Lower energy value than parent grain
• Higher protein content than parent grain
• Terms
• Across grain or exclusive to one grain
• Bran
• Coarse outer covering and lesser flour
• Fiber and protein
• Corn, rice, and wheat
• Figure 5.1 – Wheat bran



• Flour
• Gluten and starch
• Low crude fiber
• Rye and wheat
• Germ meal
• Lipids and protein
• Corn and wheat
• Gluten feed and gluten meal
• After removal of germ and starch
• Protein
• Corn and sorghum
• Figure 5.2 – Corn gluten meal



• Grain screenings
• Dust, chaff, weed seeds, broken grains, unsound grains, and other materials
• Nutritional value varies with contents
• All grains
• Screenings
• Minimum 70% grain and maximum 6.5% ash
• Mixed screenings
• Maximum 27% crude fiber and maximum 15% ash
• Chaff and/or dust
• Groats
• Seed without hull
• Oat and rice
• Nutritional value greater than original grain
• Corn hominy feed
• Bran, germ, and flour
• Higher in crude protein and fiber than grain
• Relatively low crude fiber
• Minimum 4% crude fat
• Hulls
• Outer covering of seed
• Oat and rice
• Low in energy and crude protein
• High in fiber
• Barley malt sprouts
• Roots, sprouts, and hulls
• Protein
• Minimum crude protein 24%
• Oat meal
• Maximum crude fiber 4%
• Middlings or midds
• Bran, shorts, germ, flour, and tailings
• Rye and wheat
• Figure 5.3 – Wheat middlings



• Maximum crude fiber
• Rye – 8.5%
• Wheat – 9.5%
• Mill run
• Also mill by-product
• Bran, shorts, germ, flour, and tailings
• All cereal grains
• Sorghum
• Minimum 5% crude fat and maximum 6% crude fiber
• Oat
• Maximum 25% crude fiber
• Rice
• Maximum 32% crude fiber
• Rye
• Maximum 9.5% crude fiber
• Wheat
• Maximum 9.5% crude fiber
• Rice polishings
• Low in crude fiber
• High in crude fat
• Wheat red dog
• Tailings with bran, germ, and flour
• Maximum crude fiber 4%
• Wheat shorts
• Bran, germ, flour, and tailings
• Maximum crude fiber 7%
• Wheat
• Wheat bran, middlings, mill run, shorts, red dog, screenings, germ meal, and germ oil
• Table 5.15 - page 73 of text
• Palatable
• Bulky
• Laxative
• Corn
• Dry milling
• Degerming
• Separates hull, germ, and endosperm
• Nondegerming
• Hominy feed, flour, and bran
• Wet milling
• Figure 5.4 – Overview of corn wet milling



• Starch molasses, liquefied corn product, gluten feed, gluten meal, germ meal, condensed fermented corn extractives, hydrolyzed corn protein
• Sorghum
• Sorghum grits and gluten feed
• Barley
• Milling
• Barley hulls, pearl by-product, mill by-product, and screenings
• Malting, brewing, distilling
• Barley malt cleanings, malt hulls, malt sprouts, malted barley, brewers’ grains, distillers’ solubles, spent hops, and brewers’ yeast
• Oats
• Oat hulls, groats, feeding meal, mill by-product, and clipped by-product
• Rice
• Milling – cleaning, hulling, pearling, polishing
• Rough or paddy rice
• Brown rice
• Rice hulls, bran, polishings, groats, and mill by-products
• Rye
• Rye millrun and middlings