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Week 2

High-Energy Feedstuffs

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Milling By-Products of Cereal Grains

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Time: 11.55

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  • Uses of cereal grains
    • Animal feedstuffs
    • Human foodstuffs and industrial products
  • Milling
    • Dry milling
      • Removes outer fibrous material
      • Products such as flour
    • Wet milling
      • Products such as sugar, starch, syrup, and oil
    • By-products used as animal feeds
  • Nutritional value of milling by-products
    • Varies
    • Standards
    • Association of American Feed Control Officials
    • Appendix Table I – page 502 of text
    • Lower energy value than parent grain
    • Higher protein content than parent grain
  • Terms
    • Across grain or exclusive to one grain
    • Bran
      • Coarse outer covering and lesser flour
      • Fiber and protein
      • Corn, rice, and wheat
        • Figure 5.1 – Wheat bran

          • Figure 5.1 - Wheat bran

    • Flour
      • Gluten and starch
      • Low crude fiber
      • Rye and wheat
    • Germ meal
      • Lipids and protein
      • Corn and wheat
    • Gluten feed and gluten meal
      • After removal of germ and starch
      • Protein
      • Corn and sorghum
        • Figure 5.2 – Corn gluten meal

          • Figure 5.2 - Corn gluten meal

    • Grain screenings
      • Dust, chaff, weed seeds, broken grains, unsound grains, and other materials
      • Nutritional value varies with contents
      • All grains
      • Screenings
        • Minimum 70% grain and maximum 6.5% ash
      • Mixed screenings
        • Maximum 27% crude fiber and maximum 15% ash
      • Chaff and/or dust
    • Groats
      • Seed without hull
      • Oat and rice
      • Nutritional value greater than original grain
    • Corn hominy feed
      • Bran, germ, and flour
      • Higher in crude protein and fiber than grain
      • Relatively low crude fiber
      • Minimum 4% crude fat
    • Hulls
      • Outer covering of seed
      • Oat and rice
      • Low in energy and crude protein
      • High in fiber
    • Barley malt sprouts
      • Roots, sprouts, and hulls
      • Protein
      • Minimum crude protein 24%
    • Oat meal
      • Maximum crude fiber 4%
    • Middlings or midds
      • Bran, shorts, germ, flour, and tailings
      • Rye and wheat
        • Figure 5.3 – Wheat middlings

          • Figure 5.3 - Wheat middlings

      • Maximum crude fiber
        • Rye – 8.5%
        • Wheat – 9.5%
    • Mill run
      • Also mill by-product
      • Bran, shorts, germ, flour, and tailings
      • All cereal grains
      • Sorghum
        • Minimum 5% crude fat and maximum 6% crude fiber
      • Oat
        • Maximum 25% crude fiber
      • Rice
        • Maximum 32% crude fiber
      • Rye
        • Maximum 9.5% crude fiber
      • Wheat
        • Maximum 9.5% crude fiber
    • Rice polishings
      • Low in crude fiber
      • High in crude fat
    • Wheat red dog
      • Tailings with bran, germ, and flour
      • Maximum crude fiber 4%
    • Wheat shorts
      • Bran, germ, flour, and tailings
      • Maximum crude fiber 7%
  • Wheat
    • Wheat bran, middlings, mill run, shorts, red dog, screenings, germ meal, and germ oil
    • Table 5.15 - page 73 of text
    • Palatable
    • Bulky
    • Laxative
  • Corn
    • Dry milling
      • Degerming
        • Separates hull, germ, and endosperm
      • Nondegerming
      • Hominy feed, flour, and bran
    • Wet milling
      • Figure 5.4 – Overview of corn wet milling

        • Figure 5.4 - Overview of corn wet milling

      • Starch molasses, liquefied corn product, gluten feed, gluten meal, germ meal, condensed fermented corn extractives, hydrolyzed corn protein
  • Sorghum
    • Sorghum grits and gluten feed
  • Barley
    • Milling
      • Barley hulls, pearl by-product, mill by-product, and screenings
    • Malting, brewing, distilling
      • Barley malt cleanings, malt hulls, malt sprouts, malted barley, brewers’ grains, distillers’ solubles, spent hops, and brewers’ yeast
  • Oats
    • Oat hulls, groats, feeding meal, mill by-product, and clipped by-product
  • Rice
    • Milling – cleaning, hulling, pearling, polishing
    • Rough or paddy rice
    • Brown rice
    • Rice hulls, bran, polishings, groats, and mill by-products
  • Rye
    • Rye millrun and middlings

 

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