Week 2

High-Energy Feedstuffs

Oats

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• In U.S., fourth most important grain
• Estimated production – 116 million bushels
• Grown in northern regions
• Short growing season
• Estimated average yield 61.3 bushels per acre
• Three primary varieties – white, red, and gray
• Majority – white
• Figure 4.14 – Oat grain on the head



• Figure 4.15 – Oat grain



• Primarily hull varieties
• Coarse grain
• Nutritional value
• Table 4.5 – Average nutrient composition of oats

Table 4.5 - Average Nutrient Composition of Oat Grain

Nutrient	Average Composition, %
Crude protein	12.8
Ether extract	4.7
Crude fiber	12.2
Ash	3.7
NFE	66.6
Starch	41.2

• Energy source
• Lowest energy value
• Highest fiber
• Lowest starch
• Protein source
• Protein content similar to wheat and barley
• Amino acid content – favorable
• Remain deficient in methionine, histidine, tryptophan, and lysine
• High lipid content
• Energy and palatability
• High mineral content
• Feeding livestock
• Palatable
• Lipid content and nature of hull
• Processing to improve nutritional value
• Slower rate of digestion
• Heavy weighted oats
• Higher nutritional value – energy
• Swine 
• Fed to young and finishing animals
• Ruminants
• Fed to young and breeding animals
• Horses
• Generally, favorable
• Low energy, high fiber, palatability
• Poultry
• Rarely fed
• High producing animals
• Low energy will limit production