Week 2

High-Energy Feedstuffs

Wheat

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• Primarily grown for human consumption
• Small portion fed to animals
• Generally, not affordable feedstuff
• Grown in range of regions
• Figure 4.16 – Wheat plant in the field



• Estimated average yield – 40.2 bushels per acre
• Figure 4.17 – Wheat grain on the head



• Figure 4.18 – Wheat grain



• Nutritional value
• Table 4.6 – Average nutrient composition of wheat

Table 4.6 - Average Nutrient Composition of Wheat

Nutrient	Average Composition – (HW; SW), %
Crude protein	14.2; 11.7
Ether extract	1.7; 1.8
Crude fiber	2.3; 2.1
Ash	2.0; 1.8
NFE	79.8; 82.6
Starch	63.4; 67.2

• Energy source
• Slightly lower than corn
• Protein source
• Content
• Higher than corn
• Similar to barley and oats
• Amino acid profile
• Better than corn
• Ranked below oats and barley
• Remains deficient in lysine, threonine, and methionine
• Gluten proteins
• Aids in pelleting
• Lipid content
• Relatively low
• Classification
• Kernel texture; hard or soft
• Hard – higher protein, better amino acid profile, and higher gluten
• Kernel color; white, red, or amber
• Planting/growing season; winter or spring
• Feeding livestock
• Deleterious factors – ergot and mycotoxins
• Palatable
• Rapid rate of starch digestion
• Processed
• Poultry
• Substituted for corn
• Ruminants
• Added in limited amounts; combination with other grains
• Swine
• Fed to young and finishing animals