Week 1
Nutrients |
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Carbohydrates
Text Transcript
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- Chemical composition: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
- Plant origin
- Primary component of feeds and resultant diets
- No specific CHO requirement
- Functions
- Forms
- Monosaccharides
- Examples: glucose, fructose, lactose
- Figure 2.3 – Chemical structure of glucose
- Disaccharides
- Examples: sucrose, lactose, maltose
- Polysaccharides
- Examples: starch and cellulose
- Starch
- Figure 2.4 – Chemical structure of starch
- Glucose molecules – alpha linkages
- Mammalian and microbial enzymes
- Concentrates
- Cellulose
- Figure 2.5 – Chemical structure of cellulose
- Glucose molecules – beta linkages
- Microbial enzymes
- Forages
- Additional CHO
- Hemicellulose and pectins
- Monogastrics
- Starch
- Small intestine
- Digestion – mammalian enzymes
- Absorption – monosaccharides
- Horse
- Microbial enzymes
- Utilization of fibrous compounds
- Ruminants
- Sugars, starches and fibrous compounds
- Reticulorumen
- Digestion – microbial enzymes
- Absorption – volatile fatty acids (VFA)
- Acetic, propionic, and butyric
- Used to produce energy substrates
- Intestinal digestion limited
- Lignin
- Not a carbohydrate
- Polyphenolic polymer
- Associated with fibrous feedstuffs
- Indigestible by mammalian and microbial enzymes
- Reduces digestibility of fibrous compounds
- Increases with plant maturity
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