jump over navigation bar
OSU Extended CampusOregon State University
official course number and title
Welcome Getting Started Resources Site Map
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Week 1

Nutrients

link to previous page in the series link to next page in the series

Instructions for listening to audio clips

Download the QuickTime Player to listen to the audio files.
Read the QuickTime Instructions for installation help.
Download the RealPlayer to listen to the audio files
Instructions are on the RealPlayer download page

Proteins

Text Transcript

Time: 7.42

Follow along with the audio...

  • Chemical composition: amino acids (AA)
  • Figure 2.6 – Chemical structure of amino acid
    • Hydrogen, amine, carboxyl, and R group
    • Figure 2.6 - Chemical structure of an amino acid

  • All proteins contain nitrogen
  • AA and linkages determine protein properties
  • Figure 2.7 – Structure of protein
  • Figure 2.7 - Structure of protein

  • Functions
    • Structure
    • Movement
    • Digestion
    • Metabolism
    • Growth
    • Defense
  • Synthesis
    • Regulated by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
    • Requires specific AA
    • Limiting amino acid
    • Twenty AA
    • Table 2.1 – Dietary essential and nonessential AA

     

    Table 2.1 - Amino Acids
    Essential AA
    Nonessential AA
    Arginine
    Alanine
    Histidine
    Aspartic acid
    Isoleucine
    Citrulline
    Leucine
    Cystine
    Lysine
    Glutamic acid*
    Methionine
    Glycine*
    Phenylalanine
    Hydroxyproline
    Threonine
    Proline*
    Tryptophan
    Serine
    Valine
    Tyrosine
    Taurine
    *Additional amino acids required by chicks

     

     

     

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      • Essential
        • Animal cannot synthesize adequate amounts; required in diet
      • Nonessential
        • Animal can synthesize adequate amounts; not required in diet
  • Monogastrics
    • Digestion – stomach and small intestine
      • Mammalian enzymes and other compounds
    • Absorption – small intestine
      • Amino acids
    • Similar AA profile consumed and absorbed
  • Ruminants
    • Figure 2.8 – Protein nutrition in ruminant

    Figure 2.8 - Protein Nutrition in a Ruminant

    • Dietary protein
      • Rumen inert or rumen undegradable protein (RUP) or undegradable intake protein (UIP)
        • Not changed in rumen
        • Digested to AA and AA absorbed in small intestine
      • Rumen degradable protein (RDP) or degradable intake protein (DIP)
        • Digested in rumen – microbes
          • Microbial proteins
            • Digested to AA and AA absorbed in small intestine
      • Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) compounds
        • Metabolized in rumen – microbes
          • Microbial proteins
            • Digested to AA and AA absorbed in small intestine
    • Microbial protein synthesis
      • Substrates – nitrogen and energy
    • N recycling
  • Requirements
    • Monogastrics
      • Total protein – true protein
      • Limiting amino acids – lysine, methionine, and tryptophan
    • Ruminants
      • Total protein – True protein and NPN compounds
      • Relative amounts
      • Limiting amino acids – lysine and methionine

 

link to previous page in the series link to next page in the series
Welcome Getting Started Resources SiteMap
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 
Contact
o Staff
Syllabus
o Description, Mission, Goals
o Objectives
o Grading
o Schedule
o Important Information
Resources
o Library Services
o Writing Services
GI Tracts and Nutrient Utilization
o Introduction
o Classification
o Anatomy and Physiology
o Species Specifics
Nutrients
o Introduction
o Water
o Carbohydrates
o Proteins
o Lipids
o Minerals
o Vitamins
o Energy
o Functions and Requirements
Feedstuffs and Nutritional Value
o Introduction
o Estimating Nutritional Value
o Laboratory Based Analyses
o Animal Based Analyses
o Additional Considerations
Activities
o Discussion: Introduce Yourself
o Quiz
High Energy Feedstuffs
o Intro to High-Energy Feedstuffs
o Intro to Cereal Grains
o Corn
o Grain Sorghum
o Barley
o Oats
o Wheat
o Rye
o Triticale
o Rice and Millet
o Milling By-Products
o High Carb Liquid Feeds
o By-Product Dry Feeds
o Roots and Tubers
o Fats and Oils
o Additional High-Energy Feedstuffs
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Protein Sources
o Introduction
o Oilseed Meals
o Millfeed Protein Sources
o Distillery and Brewery By-Products
o Grain Legumes
o Mammalian and Poultry Products
o Milk-Based Products
o Marine-Based Products
o Additional Protein Sources
o Non-Protein Nitrogen Compounds
o Liquid Supplements
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Roughages
o Introduction
o Classes of Forage: Grasses
o Classes of Forage: Legumes
o Chemical Composition of Herbage
o Factors Influencing Nutritional Value
o Pasture Forages
o Cultivated Forages
o Hay
o High-Moisture Forages: Greenchop
o High-Moisture Forages: Silage
o High-Moisture Forages: Haylage
o Crop Residues
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Mineral and Vitamin Supplements
o Intro to Mineral Supplements
o Macrominerals
o Microminerals
o Intro to Vitamin Supplements
o Vitamins
Feed Additives & Labeling
o Intro to Feed Additives
o Manufacture, Properties of Feed
o Efficiency of Animal Production I
o Efficiency of Animal Production II
o Consumer Acceptance of Products
o Feed Laws & Labeling
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Feed Processing
o Introduction
o Grain Processing
o Forage Processing
o Effect on Nutrition
o Feed Processing, Non-Ruminants
o Feed Processing, Ruminants
o Economics of Processing
o Change in Feed Density
Activities
o Discussion
o Quiz
Ration Formulation
o Introduction
o Dry-Matter and As-Fed
o Economics
o Pearson's Square/Double Pearson's Square Examples
Spreadsheets
o Section 1-5
Activities
o Discussion
o Problem Sets
Dairy: Calves
o Introduction
o Dry Cow, Calving Environment
o Colostrum Management
o Liquid Feeds, Additives, Program
o Dry Feeds, Cold Stress, Forage
o Weaning
o Costs, Summary
Dairy: Heifers
o Introduction
o Nutrient Requirements
o Grouping, Management, Rations
Dairy: Lactating Cows
o Energy/Carbohydrates
o Protein
o Fats and Oils
o Minerals and Vitamins
o Dry Matter Intake
o Stages of Lactation
o Milk Components
o Balancing Rations
Activities
o Problem Sets
Beef: Cow-Calf
o Introduction
o Biological Cycle, Requirements
o Forages
o Supplementation
o Body Condition Score
o Management Strategies
o Wrap-Up
o Replacement Heifers
Beef: Growing-Finishing
o Stocker-Feedlot
o Growing Systems
o Newly Received Cattle
o Starting Cattle, Set-Up Rations
o Feed Bunk Management
o Feedstuffs
o Additional Items
Activities
o Problem Sets
Equine
o Introduction
o Digestive System
o Nutrients
o Ingredients
o Summary
o Western Performance Horse
o Workload
o Body Condition
o Calories, Critical Points
o Additional Information
Activities
o Problem Sets
Goats
o Introduction
o Feeding Behavior, Selection
o Requirements, Nutrients
o Feeding Management, Intake
Sheep
o Introduction
o Water
o Biological Cycle
o Dry Matter Intake
o Energy
o Protein
o Lactation
o Minerals, Vitamins
o Wool
o Ewes, Growing Lambs
o Additional Information
Activities
o Problem Sets
Poultry
o Introduction
o Factors Affecting Requirements
o General Comments
o Nutrients
o Special Concerns
o Layers
o Broilers
o Turkeys, Other Feed Components
Activities
o Problem Sets
Swine
o Introduction
o Energy
o Protein
o Minerals, Vitamins
o Additives
o Requirements and Processing
o Nutrient Management
o Product Quality
o Gestation, Lactating, Weanlings
Activities
o Problem Sets
Dog and Cat Nutrition
o Labels
o Ingredients
o Energy, Energy Requirements
o Needs, Photos, Calculations
o Feeding Levels, Overweight Pets
Assessment
o Online Evaluation
o Final Exam