Week 5

Mineral and Vitamin Supplements

Microminerals

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• In general, microminerals added as supplements to rations of various species are Co, Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn
• Table 8-1 on page 168-169 of text – Sources of mineral supplements utilized in feed supplements, complete feeds, or in mineralized salt

• Table 10.4 – Various mineral sources with intermediate and high relative bioavailability

  Table 10.4 - Various Mineral Sources with Intermediate and High Bioavailability

  Mineral	Source	Bioavailability
  Calcium	Steamed bone meal Monocalcium phosphate Dicalcium phosphate Defluorinated phosphate Calcium carbonate Ground limestone Dolomite limestone	High High High Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate
  Phosphorus	Calcium phosphate Phosphoric acid Sodium phosphate Steamed bone meal Defluorinated phosphate Dicalcium phosphate	High High High High Intermediate Intermediate
  Magnesium	Magnesium carbonate Magnesium chloride Magnesium oxide Potassium and magnesium sulfate	High High High High
  Potassium	Potassium chloride Potassium sulfate Potassium and magnesium sulfate	High High High
  Sulfur	Potassium sulfate Potassium and magnesium sulfate Sodium sulfate	High High Intermediate
  Cobalt	Cobalt carbonate Copper sulfate	High High
  Copper	Copper sulfate Copper chloride Copper carbonate Copper nitrate	High High Intermediate Intermediate
  Iodine	Potassium iodide, stabilized	High
  Iron	Ferrous sulfate	High
  Manganese	Manganese sulfate Manganese carbonate	High High
  Selenium	Sodium selenate Sodium selenite	High High
  Zinc	Zinc carbonate Zinc sulfate Zinc chloride	High High Intermediate

  • Frequently, provided in trace-mineral mix
  • Label must state minimum amount of each mineral present in mix
  • Selenium
  • Trace mineral closely regulated by FDA
  • Federal regulations state maximum level permitted in complete feeds and trace-mineralized mixes for each species and specific class
  • Selenium-containing products must be produced by registered feed manufacturer and labeled